Orthodontic treatment involves correcting misaligned teeth and jaws to improve oral function and aesthetics. This can include the use of braces, clear aligners, retainers, and other dental devices to move teeth into the right position. The goal is to improve the bite and make it easier to chew, speak, and maintain good oral hygiene.

Orthodontic treatment can be effective at any age, but there is an optimal time period to begin treatment. The American Association of Orthodontists recommends that children have their first orthodontic consultation by the age of 7. This allows the orthodontist to detect and evaluate problems and plan the best time for treatment, although actual treatment may not start until years later. Adults can also undergo orthodontic treatment, and advances in technology have made it more appealing and less noticeable than ever.

The duration of orthodontic treatment varies depending on the individual's age, the complexity of the alignment issues, and the specific treatment plan. On average, braces or aligners may need to be worn for about 1 to 3 years. After initial treatment, retainers are usually worn to keep teeth in their new positions, and their use may be lifelong, at least nightly or a few times a week.

For braces, it’s important to avoid sticky, hard, and chewy foods that can damage the braces. Brushing and flossing become more important as food can easily get trapped in the brackets and wires, leading to plaque buildup and potential tooth decay. For aligners, they should be removed when eating or drinking anything other than water and cleaned regularly to prevent staining and buildup of harmful bacteria.

To prepare for orthodontic treatment, ensure your dental health is in good condition. This may involve having a professional cleaning, addressing any existing dental issues like cavities or gum disease, and obtaining a full evaluation from your orthodontist. Discuss all your treatment options, understand the treatment plan, and get familiar with the care and maintenance routines for your chosen orthodontic device. Also, plan for the financial aspect of treatment and consider scheduling implications due to regular orthodontic visits.

Some discomfort is normal when braces are first placed and after routine adjustments. This can usually be managed with over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or paracetamol. For irritation caused by brackets and wires, orthodontic wax can be applied to ease discomfort. It's also helpful to eat soft foods and use cold compresses or ice water to soothe sore areas in the mouth. Communicating with your orthodontist about persistent pain is important as they may need to make adjustments to your treatment.